Mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers

Zhi-Wei Sun

Published 2005-05-09, updated 2007-03-08Version 9

By means of $q$-series, we prove that any natural number is a sum of an even square and two triangular numbers, and that each positive integer is a sum of a triangular number plus $x^2+y^2$ for some integers $x$ and $y$ with $x\not\equiv y (mod 2)$ or $x=y>0$. The paper also contains some other results and open conjectures on mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers.