MINDS. The detection of $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ with JWST-MIRI indicates abundant CO$_{2}$ in a protoplanetary disk

Sierra L. Grant, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Benoît Tabone, Danny Gasman, Thomas Henning, Inga Kamp, Manuel Güdel, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Giulio Bettoni, Giulia Perotti, Valentin Christiaens, Matthias Samland, Aditya M. Arabhavi, Ioannis Argyriou, Alain Abergel, Olivier Absil, David Barrado, Anthony Boccaletti, Jeroen Bouwman, Alessio Caratti o Garatti, Vincent Geers, Adrian M. Glauser, Rodrigo Guadarrama, Hyerin Jang, Jayatee Kanwar, Fred Lahuis, Maria Morales-Calderón, Michael Mueller, Cyrine Nehmé, Göran Olofsson, Eric Pantin, Nicole Pawellek, Tom P. Ray, Donna Rodgers-Lee, Silvia Scheithauer, Jürgen Schreiber, Kamber Schwarz, Milou Temmink, Bart Vandenbussche, Marissa Vlasblom, L. B. F. M. Waters, Gillian Wright, Luis Colina, Thomas R. Greve, Kay Justannont, Göran Östlin

Published 2022-12-15Version 1

We present JWST-MIRI MRS spectra of the protoplanetary disk around the low-mass T Tauri star GW Lup from the MIRI mid-INfrared Disk Survey (MINDS) GTO program. Emission from $^{12}$CO$_{2}$, $^{13}$CO$_{2}$, H$_{2}$O, HCN, and C$_{2}$H$_{2}$ is identified in this disk with $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ being detected for the first time in a protoplanetary disk. We characterize the chemical and physical conditions in the inner few au of the GW Lup disk using these molecules as probes. The spectral resolution of JWST-MIRI MRS paired with high signal-to-noise data is essential to identify these species and determine their column densities and temperatures. The $Q$-branches of these molecules, including those of hot-bands, are particularly sensitive to temperature and column density. We find that the $^{12}$CO$_{2}$ emission in the GW Lup disk is very strong and is coming from optically thick emission at a temperature of $\sim$500 K. $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ is optically thinner, and tracing a larger emitting area than $^{12}$CO$_{2}$ and deeper into the disk based on a lower temperature of $\sim$200 K. The derived $N_{\rm{CO_{2}}}$/$N_{\rm{H_{2}O}}$ ratio of 0.25 is relatively high compared to other targets determined from \textit{Spitzer}-IRS data. This abundance ratio may be due to an inner cavity in the gas and dust with a radius in between the H$_{2}$O and CO$_{2}$ snowlines and/or a dust trap at this location keeping water-rich icy grains from passing the water snowline. This paper demonstrates the unique ability of JWST to probe inner disk structures and chemistry through weak, previously unseen molecular features.