Valley lifetimes of conduction band electrons in monolayer WSe$_2$

Manfred Ersfeld, Frank Volmer, Lars Rathmann, Luca Kotewitz, Maximilian Heithoff, Mark Lohmann, Bowen Yang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Ludwig Bartels, Jing Shi, Christoph Stampfer, Bernd Beschoten

Published 2020-07-29Version 1

One of the main tasks in the investigation of 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is the determination of valley lifetimes. In this work, we combine time-resolved Kerr rotation with electrical transport measurements to explore the gate-dependent valley lifetimes of free conduction band electrons of monolayer WSe$_2$. When tuning the Fermi energy into the conduction band we observe a strong decrease of the respective valley lifetimes which is consistent with both spin-orbit and electron-phonon scattering. We explain the formation of a valley polarization by the scattering of optically excited valley polarized bright trions into dark states by intervalley scattering. Furthermore, we show that the conventional time-resolved Kerr rotation measurement scheme has to be modified to account for photo-induced gate screening effects. Disregarding this adaptation can lead to erroneous conclusions drawn from gate-dependent optical measurements and can completely mask the true gate-dependent valley dynamics.