Rings of low rank with a standard involution

John Voight

Published 2010-03-18, updated 2010-09-07Version 2

We consider the problem of classifying (possibly noncommutative) R-algebras of low rank over an arbitrary base ring R. We first classify algebras by their degree, and we relate the class of algebras of degree 2 to algebras with a standard involution. We then investigate a class of exceptional rings of degree 2 which occur in every rank n >= 1 and show that they essentially characterize all algebras of degree 2 and rank 3.