Combinatorial approach to multipartite quantum systems:basic formulation

Ali Saif M. Hassan, Pramod Joag

Published 2006-02-06, updated 2007-06-18Version 6

In this paper we give a method to associate a graph with an arbitrary density matrix referred to a standard orthonormal basis in the Hilbert space of a finite dimensional quantum system. We study the related issues like classification of pure and mixed states, Von-Neumann entropy, separability of multipartite quantum states and quantum operations in terms of the graphs associated with quantum states. In order to address the separability and entanglement questions using graphs, we introduce a modified tensor product of weighted graphs, and establish its algebraic properties. In particular, we show that Werner's definition [1] of a separable state can be written in terms of a graphs, for the states in a real or complex Hilbert space. We generalize the separability criterion (degree criterion) due to S.L. Braunstein, S. Ghosh, T. Mansour, S. Severini, R.C. Wilson [2], to a class of weighted graphs with real weights. We have given some criteria for the Laplacian associated with a weighted graph to be positive semidefinite.