Astrophysical Gamma-ray and Neutrino Production Following from the Physics of Photon-Nucleon Interactions

Floyd W. Stecker

Published 2025-05-15Version 1

The astrophysical implications of particle photoproduction interactions involving nuclei is considered here, based on the most recent empirical data on particle photoproduction interactions off protons. The implications of photoproduction with helium nuclei are also discussed and compared with gamma-p interactions. It is found that gamma-He interactions, assuming the cosmological abundance of He, produce approximately 10% of the pions as compared with gamma-p interactions. In addition to the production of pions, we also discuss the relative effect of excited nucleon decay leading to single and double pion production, as well as rho, eta, omega and K meson production and decay channels, all of which produce to neutrinos and gamma-rays. The production of mesons other than pions is found not to be significant for producing gamma-rays and neutrinos from astrophysical sources. It is further shown that, for astrophysical gamma-p interactions that lead to gamma-ray and neutrino production, the decay of the Delta(1232) resonance channel clearly dominates, all other production channels being effectively negligible.