Mastering 3D-detection of Extensive Air Showers in Cherenkov Light

Elena A. Bonvech, Olga V. Cherkesova, Dmitriy V. Chernov, Elena L. Entina, Vladimir I. Galkin, Vladimir A. Ivanov, Timofey A. Kolodkin, Natalia O. Ovcharenko, Dmitriy A. Podgrudkov, Tatiana M. Roganova, Maxim D. Ziva

Published 2025-05-10Version 1

A new SPHERE seires complex extensive air showers detector is under development. The main goal of its mission is to study the mass composition of cosmic ray nuclei in the 1-100 PeV energy range at a new level. The already well-established telescope of Cherenkov light reflected from the snow-covered ice surface of Lake Baikal from an altitude of 500-1000 m will be supported by a detector of direct light pointed upward. Since the two detectors will study the same shower at different stages of its development, it could be called a 3D detection, which is completely new for the EAS method. The development is based on an extensive MC modeling of the shower and the detection process using the Supercomputer Complex of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.