Let there be neutrons! Hadronic photoproduction from a large flux of high-energy photons

Matthew R. Mumpower, Tsung-Shung H. Lee, Nicole Lloyd-Ronning, Brandon L. Barker, Axel Gross, Samuel Cupp, Jonah M. Miller

Published 2024-11-18Version 1

We propose that neutrons may be generated in high-energy, high-flux photon environments via photo-induced reactions on pre-existing baryons. These photo-hadronic interactions are expected to occur in astrophysical jets and surrounding material. Historically, these reactions have been attributed to the production of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. We estimate the photoproduction off of protons in the context of gamma-ray bursts, where it is expected there will be sufficient baryonic material that may be encompassing or entrained in the jet. We show that typical stellar baryonic material, even material completely devoid of neutrons, can become inundated with neutrons in situ via hadronic photoproduction. Consequently, this mechanism provides a means for collapsars and other astrophysical sites containing substantial flux of high-energy photons to be favorable for neutron-capture nucleosynthesis.