The $J_1$-$J_2$ spin chain and the $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model at $θ= π$

Adam J. McRoberts, Chris Hooley, A. G. Green

Published 2024-11-12Version 1

There are two competing pictures for how the $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model (NLSM) with a topological theta term renormalises to the $\mathfrak{\hat{su}}(2)_1$ Wess-Zumino-Witten model. In the Affleck-Haldane picture, an `extension field' parametrises the correlated fluctuations of the couplings and extends the target space from $S^2$ to $S^3$; recently, however, Zirnbauer has advanced a competing picture where the extension field is frozen out and the infrared theory is more naturally thought of as a compact free boson dual to $\mathfrak{\hat{su}}(2)_1$. We show that the $J_1$-$J_2$ spin chain evinces a phase transition between these pictures -- corresponding to whether the dimer field that parametrises local singlet order is part of a joint $O(4)$ N\'eel-singlet order parameter or appears as a separate gapped mode. For the $O(3)$ NLSM itself, this analysis supports the Zirnbauer picture.