Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and regular *-semibraces

Qianxue Liu, Shoufeng Wang

Published 2024-07-17Version 1

As generalizations of inverse semibraces introduced by Catino, Mazzotta and Stefanelli, Miccoli has introduced regular $\star$-semibraces under the name of involution semibraces and given a sufficient condition under which the associated map to a regular $\star$-semibrace is a set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation. From the viewpoint of universal algebra, regular $\star$-semibraces are (2,2,1)-type algebras. In this paper we continue to study set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and regular $\star$-semibraces. We first consider several kinds of (2,2,1)-type algebras that induced by regular $\star$-semigroups and give some equivalent characterizations of the statement that they form regular $\star$-semibraces. Then we give sufficient and necessary conditions under which the associated maps to these (2,2,1)-type algebras are set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Finally, as analogues of weak braces defined by Catino, Mazzotta, Miccoli and Stefanelli, we introduce weak $\star$-braces in the class of regular $\star$-semibraces, describe their algebraic structures and prove that the associated maps to weak $\star$-braces are always set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. The result of the present paper shows that the class of completely regular, orthodox and locally inverse regular $\star$-semigroups is a source of possibly new set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Our results establish the close connection between the Yang-Baxter equation and the classical structural theory of regular $\star$-semigroups.