Boundary unique continuation in planar domains by conformal mapping

Stefano Vita

Published 2024-05-07Version 1

Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^2$ be a chord arc domain with small constant. We show that a nontrivial harmonic function which vanishes continuously on a relatively open set of the boundary cannot have the norm of the gradient which vanishes on a subset of positive surface measure (arc length). This result was previously known to be true, and conjectured in higher dimensions by Lin, in Lipschitz domains. Let now $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^2$ be a $C^1$ domain with Dini mean oscillations. We prove that a nontrivial harmonic function which vanishes continuously on a relatively open subset of the boundary $\partial\Omega\cap B_1$ has a finite number of critical points in $\overline\Omega\cap B_{1/2}$. The latter improves some recent results by Kenig and Zhao. Our technique involves a conformal mapping which moves the boundary where the harmonic function vanishes into an interior nodal line of a new harmonic function, after a further reflection. Then, size estimates of the critical set - up to the boundary - of the original harmonic function can be understood in terms of estimates of the interior critical set of the new harmonic function and of the critical set - up to the boundary - of the conformal mapping.