Higher-order fractional equations and related time-changed pseudo-processes

Fabrizio Cinque, Enzo Orsingher

Published 2024-02-21, updated 2024-11-12Version 2

We study Cauchy problems of fractional differential equations in both space and time variables by expressing the solution in terms of ``stochastic composition" of the solutions to two simpler problems. These Cauchy sub-problems respectively concern the space and the time differential operator involved in the main equation. We provide some probabilistic and pseudo-probabilistic applications, where the solution can be interpreted as the pseudo-transition density of a time-changed pseudo-process. To extend our results to higher order time-fractional problems, we introduce pseudo-subordinators as well as its pseudo-inverse. Finally, we present our results in the case of more general differential operators and we interpret the results by means of a linear combination of pseudo-subordinators and its inverse.