Duality for the multispecies stirring process with open boundaries

Francesco Casini, Rouven Frassek, Cristian Giardinà

Published 2023-12-24Version 1

We study the stirring process with $N-1$ species on a generic graph $G=(V,\mathcal{E})$ with reservoirs. The multispecies stirring process generalizes the symmetric exclusion process, which is recovered in the case $N=2$. We prove the existence of a dual process defined on an extended graph $\widetilde{G}=(\widetilde{V},\widetilde{\mathcal{E})}$ which includes additional extra-sites $\widetilde{V}\setminus V$ where dual particles get absorbed in the long-time limit. We thus obtain a characterization of the non-equilibrium steady state of the boundary-driven system in terms of the absorption probabilities of dual particles. The process is integrable for the case of the one-dimensional chain with two reservoirs at the boundaries and with maximally one particle per site. We compute the absorption probabilities by relying on the underlying ${gl}(N)$ symmetry and the matrix product ansatz. Thus one gets a closed-formula for (long-ranged) correlations and for the non-equilibrium stationary measure. Extensions beyond this integrable set-up are also discussed.