MIDIS: JWST/MIRI reveals the Stellar Structure of ALMA-selected Galaxies in the Hubble-UDF at Cosmic Noon

Leindert A. Boogaard, Steven Gillman, Jens Melinder, Fabian Walter, Luis Colina, Göran Östlin, Karina I. Caputi, Edoardo Iani, Pablo Pérez-González, Paul van der Werf, Thomas R. Greve, Gillian Wright, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Marianna Annunziatella, Arjan Bik, Sarah Bosman, Luca Costantin, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Dan Dicken, Andreas Eckart, Jens Hjorth, Iris Jermann, Alvaro Labiano, Danial Langeroodi, Romain A. Meyer, Florian Peißker, John P. Pye, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Tuomo V. Tikkanen, Martin Topinka, Thomas Henning

Published 2023-08-31Version 1

We present deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/MIRI F560W observations of a flux-limited, ALMA-selected sample of 28 galaxies at z=0.5-3.6 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). The data from the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) reveal the stellar structure of the HUDF galaxies at rest-wavelengths of >1 micron for the first time. We revise the stellar mass estimates using new JWST photometry and find good agreement with pre-JWST analysis; the few discrepancies can be explained by blending issues in the earlier lower-resolution Spitzer data. At z~2.5, the resolved rest-frame near-infrared (1.6 micron) structure of the galaxies is significantly more smooth and centrally concentrated than seen by HST at rest-frame 450 nm (F160W), with effective radii of Re(F560W)=1-5 kpc and S\'ersic indices mostly close to an exponential (disk-like) profile (n~1), up to n~5 (excluding AGN). We find an average size ratio of Re(F560W)/Re(F160W)~0.7 that decreases with stellar mass. The stellar structure of the ALMA-selected galaxies is indistinguishable from a HUDF reference sample of galaxies with comparable MIRI flux density. We supplement our analysis with custom-made, position-dependent, empirical PSF models for the F560W observations. The results imply that an older and smoother stellar structure is in place in massive gas-rich, star-forming galaxies at Cosmic Noon, despite a more clumpy rest-frame optical appearance, placing additional constraints on galaxy formation simulations. As a next step, matched-resolution, resolved ALMA observations will be crucial to further link the mass- and light-weighted galaxy structures to the dusty interstellar medium.