Dynamical Systems: Discrete, Continuous and Hybrid

Ethan Akin

Published 2023-07-07Version 1

The dynamics by iteration of a function on a compact metric space, sometimes called a cascade, can be extended to the dynamics of a closed relation on such a space. Here we apply this relation dynamics to study semiflows (and their relation extension) as well as hybrid dynamical systems which combine both continuous time and discrete time dynamics. In a unified way we describe the attractor-repeller structure, Conley's chain recurrence relation and the construction of Lyapunov functions for all of these systems.