Morphological asymmetries of quasar host galaxies with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

Shenli Tang, John D. Silverman, Hassen M. Yesuf, Xuheng Ding, Junyao Li, Connor Bottrell, Andy Goulding, Kiyoaki Christopher Omori, Yoshiki Toba, Toshihiro Kawaguchi

Published 2023-04-12Version 1

How does the host galaxy morphology influence a central quasar or vice versa? We address this question by measuring the asymmetries of 2424 SDSS quasar hosts at $0.2<z<0.8$ using broad-band ($grizy$) images from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Control galaxies (without quasars) are selected by matching the redshifts and stellar masses of the quasar hosts. A two-step pipeline is run to decompose the PSF and \sersic\ components, and then measure asymmetry indices ($A_{\rm CAS}$, $A_{\rm outer}$, and $A_{\rm shape}$) of each quasar host and control galaxy. We find a mild correlation between host asymmetry and AGN bolometric luminosity ($L_{\rm bol}$) for the full sample (spearman correlation of 0.37) while a stronger trend is evident at the highest luminosities ($L_{\rm bol}>45$). This then manifests itself into quasar hosts being more asymmetric, on average, when they harbor a more massive and highly accreting black hole. The merger fraction also positively correlates with $L_{\rm bol}$ and reaches up to 35\% for the most luminous. Compared to control galaxies, quasar hosts are marginally more asymmetric (excess of 0.017 in median at 9.4$\sigma$ level) and the merger fractions are similar ($\sim 16.5\%$). We quantify the dependence of asymmetry on optical band which demonstrates that mergers are more likely to be identified with the bluer bands and the correlation between $L_{\rm bol}$ and asymmetry is also stronger in such bands. We stress that the band dependence, indicative of a changing stellar population, is an important factor in considering the influence of mergers on AGN activity.