CEERS Key Paper IV: The Diversity of Galaxy Structure and Morphology at z=3-9 with JWST

Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Caitlin Rose, Brittany N. Vanderhoof, Elizabeth J. McGrath, Luca Costantin, Isabella G. Cox, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Dale D. Kocevski, Stijn Wuyts, Henry C. Ferguson Brett H. Andrews, Micaela B. Bagley, Steven L. Finkelstein, Ricardo O. Amorin, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Bren E. Backhaus, Peter Behroozi, Laura Bisigello, Antonello Calabro, Caitlin M. Casey, Rosemary T. Coogan, Darren Croton, Alexander de la Vega, Mark Dickinson, M. C. Cooper, Adriano Fontana, Maximilien Franco, Andrea Grazian, Norman A. Grogin, Nimish P. Hathi, Benne W. Holwerda, Marc Huertas-Company, Kartheik G. Iyer, Shardha Jogee, Intae Jung, Lisa J. Kewley, Allison Kirkpatrick, Anton M. Koekemoer, James Liu, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Newman, Camilla Pacifici, Viraj Pandya, Casey Papovich, Laura Pentericci, Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez, Jayse Petersen, Nor Pirzkal, Marc Rafelski, Swara Ravindranath, Raymond C. Simons, Gregory F. Snyder, Rachel S. Somerville, Elizabeth R. Stanway, Amber N. Straughn, Sandro Tacchella, Jonathan R. Trump, Jesus Vega-Ferrero, Stephen M. Wilkins, Guang Yang, Jorge A. Zavala

Published 2022-10-26Version 1

We present a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the morphological and structural properties of a large sample of galaxies at z=3-9 using early JWST CEERS NIRCam observations. Our sample consists of 850 galaxies at z>3 detected in both CANDELS HST imaging and JWST CEERS NIRCam images to enable a comparison of HST and JWST morphologies. Our team conducted a set of visual classifications, with each galaxy in the sample classified by three different individuals. We also measure quantitative morphologies using the publicly available codes across all seven NIRCam filters. Using these measurements, we present the fraction of galaxies of each morphological type as a function of redshift. Overall, we find that galaxies at z>3 have a wide diversity of morphologies. Galaxies with disks make up a total of 60\% of galaxies at z=3 and this fraction drops to ~30% at z=6-9, while galaxies with spheroids make up ~30-40% across the whole redshift range and pure spheroids with no evidence for disks or irregular features make up ~20%. The fraction of galaxies with irregular features is roughly constant at all redshifts (~40-50%), while those that are purely irregular increases from ~12% to ~20% at z>4.5. We note that these are apparent fractions as many selection effects impact the visibility of morphological features at high redshift. The distributions of S\'ersic index, size, and axis ratios show significant differences between the morphological groups. Spheroid Only galaxies have a higher S\'ersic index, smaller size, and higher axis ratio than Disk/Irregular galaxies. Across all redshifts, smaller spheroid and disk galaxies tend to be rounder. Overall, these trends suggest that galaxies with established disks and spheroids exist across the full redshift range of this study and further work with large samples at higher redshift is needed to quantify when these features first formed.