A tentative 114-minute orbital period challenges the ultra-compact nature of the X-ray binary 4U 1812-12

M. Armas Padilla, P. Rodríguez-Gil, T. Muñoz-Darias, M. A. P. Torres, J. Casares, N. Degenaar, V. S. Dhillon, C. O. Heinke, S. P. Littlefair, T. R. Marsh

Published 2022-05-09Version 1

We present a detailed time-resolved photometric study of the ultra-compact X-ray binary candidate 4U 1812-12. The multicolor light curves obtained with HiPERCAM on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias show an aprox 114 min modulation similar to a superhump. Under this interpretation, this period should lie very close to the orbital period of the system. Contrary to what its other observational properties suggest (namely, persistent dim luminosity, low optical-to-X-ray flux ratio and lack of hydrogen features in the optical spectrum), this implies that 4U1812-12 is most likely not an ultra-compact X-ray binary, which are usually defined as systems with orbital periods lower than 80 min. We discuss the nature of the system, showing that a scenario in which 4U 1812-12 is the progenitor of an ultra-compact X-ray binary may reconcile all the observables.