Progress on the calibration of surface brightness-colour relations for early- and late-type stars

Anthony Salsi, Nicolas Nardetto, Denis Mourard, Dariusz Graczyk, Monica Taormina, Orlagh Creevey, Vincent Hocde, Frédéric Morand, Karine Perraut, Grzegorz Pietrzynski, Gail H. Schaefer

Published 2021-06-02Version 1

Surface brightness-colour relations (SBCRs) are widely used for estimating angular diameters and deriving stellar properties. They are critical to derive extragalactic distances of early-type and late-type eclipsing binaries or, potentially, for extracting planetary parameters of late-type stars hosting planets. Various SBCRs have been implemented so far, but strong discrepancies in terms of precision and accuracy still exist in the literature. We aim at developing a precise SBCR for B- and A- early-type stars using selection criteria based on stellar characteristics and combined with homogeneous interferometric angular diameter measurements. We also improve SBCRs for late-type stars, in particular in the Gaia photometric band. We observed 18 early-type stars with the VEGA instrument, installed on the CHARA array. We then apply additional criteria on the photometric measurements, together with stellar characteristics diagnostics in order to build the SBCRs. We calibrate a SBCR for sub-giant and dwarf early-type stars. The RMS of the relation is $\sigma_{F_{V_{0}}} = 0.0051\,$mag, leading to an average precision of 2.3% on the estimation of angular diameters, with 3.1% for $V-K < -0.2\,$mag and 1.8% for $V-K > -0.2\,$mag. We found that the conversion between Johnson-$K$ and 2MASS-$K_s$ photometries is a key issue for early-type stars. Following this result, we have revisited our previous SBCRs for late-type stars by calibrating them with either converted Johnson-$K$ or 2MASS-$K_s$ photometries. We also improve the calibration of these SBCRs based on the Gaia photometry. The expected precision on the angular diameter using our SBCRs for late-type stars ranges from 1.0% to 2.7%. By reaching a precision of 2.3% on the estimation of angular diameters for early-type stars, a significant progress is done to determine extragalactic distances using early-type eclipsing binaries.