Towards precision measurements of accreting black holes using X-ray reflection spectroscopy

Cosimo Bambi, Laura W. Brenneman, Thomas Dauser, Javier A. Garcia, Victoria Grinberg, Adam Ingram, Jiachen Jiang, Erin Kara, Honghui Liu, Anne M. Lohfink, Andrea Marinucci, Guglielmo Mastroserio, Riccardo Middei, Sourabh Nampalliwar, Andrzej Niedzwiecki, James F. Steiner, Ashutosh Tripathi, Andrzej A. Zdziarski

Published 2020-11-09Version 1

Relativistic reflection features are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes. In the presence of high quality data and with the correct astrophysical model, X-ray reflection spectroscopy can potentially be quite a powerful tool to probe the strong gravity region, study the morphology of the accreting matter, measure black hole spins, and possibly test Einstein's theory of general relativity in the strong field regime. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in the development of the analysis of these features, thanks to more sophisticated astrophysical models and new observational facilities. Here we review the state-of-the-art in relativistic reflection modeling, listing assumptions and simplifications that may affect, at some level, the final measurements and may be investigated better in the future. We list all the black hole spin measurements in the NuSTAR era and we briefly review the most recent efforts to use X-ray reflection spectroscopy to test fundamental physics.