Controlling skyrmion bubble confinement by dipolar interactions

Fanny C. Ummelen, Tom Lichtenberg, Henk J. M. Swagten, Bert Koopmans

Published 2019-05-24Version 1

Large skyrmion bubbles in confined geometries of various sizes and shapes are investigated, typically in the range of several micrometers. Two fundamentally different cases are studied to address the role of dipole-dipole interactions: (I) when there is no magnetic material present outside the small geometries and (II) when the geometries are embedded in films with a uniform magnetization. It is found that the preferential position of the skyrmion bubbles can be controlled by the geometrical shape, which turns out to be a stronger influence than local variations in material parameters. In addition, independent switching of the direction of the magnetization outside the small geometries can be used to further manipulate these preferential positions, in particular with respect to the edges. We show by numerical calculations that the observed interactions between the skyrmion bubbles and structure edge including the overall positioning of the bubbles are fully controlled by dipole-dipole interactions.