The KMOS^3D Survey: Demographics and Properties of Galactic Outflows at z = 0.6 - 2.7

N. M. Förster Schreiber, H. Übler, R. L. Davies, R. Genzel, E. Wisnioski, S. Belli, T. Shimizu, D. Lutz, M. Fossati, R. Herrera-Camus, J. T. Mendel, L. J. Tacconi, D. Wilman, A. Beifiori, G. Brammer, A. Burkert, C. M. Carollo, R. I. Davies, F. Eisenhauer, M. Fabricius, S. J. Lilly, I. Momcheva, T. Naab, E. J. Nelson, S. Price, A. Renzini, R. Saglia, A. Sternberg, P. van Dokkum, S. Wuyts

Published 2018-07-12Version 1

We present a robust census of ionized gas outflows in normal galaxies at 0.6<z<2.7 with 9.0<log(M*/Msun)<11.7. The sample of 599 objects fairly homogeneously covers the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies, and probes into the regimes of quiescent galaxies and starburst outliers. The data are mostly from the KMOS^3D survey, with deep, integral field spectroscopy of the Ha, [NII], and [SII] line emission. About 1/3 of the sample exhibits outflows, roughly equally split into winds driven by star formation (SF) and by active galactic nuclei (AGN). The incidence of SF-driven winds correlates mainly with star formation properties. These outflows have a typical velocity of ~450 km/s and local electron density of n_e ~ 380 cm^-3, leading to modest mass loading factors of ~ 0.1-0.2 at all galaxy masses. Their energetics are compatible with momentum driving by the young stellar populations. The SF-driven winds may escape only from log(M*/Msun) < 10.3 galaxies. Faster AGN-driven outflows (~1000-2000 km/s) are detected above log(M*/Msun)~10.7, in up to ~75% of galaxies at log(M*/Msun)>11.2, and are roughly twice as common as X-ray detected AGN. The incidence, strength, and velocity of AGN-driven winds strongly correlates with stellar mass and central concentration. Their outflowing ionized gas appears to be denser (n_e ~ 1000 cm^-3), and possibly compressed and shock-excited by hotter wind fluid. These winds have comparable inferred mass loading factors as the SF-driven winds but carry roughly 10 times more momentum and 50 times more energy. The results robustly confirm our previous findings of high duty cycle, energy-driven outflows powered by AGN above the Schechter mass, which may contribute to quench star formation in high mass galaxies at the peak epoch of galaxy formation. [ABRIDGED]