Determination of Nonequilibrium Temperature and Pressure using Clausius Equality in a State with Memory: A Simple Model Calculation

P. D. Gujrati

Published 2015-12-29Version 1

Use of the extended definition of heat dQ=deQ+diQ converts the Clausius inequality dS greater than or equal to deQ/T0 into an equality dS=dQ/T, which is applied to the exact quantum evolution of a 1-dimensional ideal gas free expansion. In a first ever calculation of its kind in an expansion which retains the memory of initial state, we determine the nonequilibrium temperature T and pressure P, which are then compared with the ratio P/T obtained by an independent method to show the consistency of the nonequilibrium formulation. We find that the quantum evolution by itself cannot eliminate the memory effect.