Challenging preconceptions about Bell tests with photon pairs

V. Caprara Vivoli, P. Sekatski, J. -D. Bancal, C. C. W. Lim, B. G. Christensen, A. Martin, R. T. Thew, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, N. Sangouard

Published 2014-05-08, updated 2014-06-03Version 3

Motivated by very recent experiments, we consider a scenario "\`a la Bell" in which two protagonists test the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality using a photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric down conversion and imperfect photon detectors. The conventional wisdom says that (i) if the detectors have unit efficiency, the CHSH violation can reach its maximum quantum value $2\sqrt{2}$. To obtain the maximal possible violation, it suffices that the source emits (ii) maximally entangled photon pairs (iii) in two well defined single modes. Through a non-perturabive calculation of non-local correlations, we show that none of these statements are true. By providing the optimal pump parameters, measurement settings and state structure for any detection efficiency and dark count probability, our results give the recipe to close all the loopholes in a Bell test using photon pairs.