350 $μ$m map of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud: core mass function

Guoyin Zhang, Di Li, Ashley K. Hyde, Lei Qian, Hualei Lyu, Zhongzu Wu

Published 2014-03-04, updated 2014-04-09Version 4

Stars are born in dense cores of molecular clouds. The core mass function (CMF), which is the mass distribution of dense cores, is important for understanding the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We obtained 350 $\mu$m dust continuum data using the SHARC-II camera at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) telescope. A 350 $\mu$m map covering 0.25 ${deg}^{2}$ of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud was created by mosaicing 56 separate scans. The CSO telescope had an angular resolution of 9 $^{\prime\prime}$, corresponding to $1.2\times {10}^{3}\ $AU at the distance of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud (131 pc). The data was reduced using the Comprehensive Reduction Utility for SHARC-II (CRUSH). The flux density map was analyzed using the GaussClumps algorithm, within which 75 cores has been identified. We used the Spitzer c2d catalogs to separate the cores into 63 starless cores and 12 protostellar cores. By locating Jeans instabilities, 55 prestellar cores (a subcategory of starless cores) were also identified. The excitation temperatures, which were derived from FCRAO ${}^{12}$CO data, help to improve the accuracy of the masses of the cores. We adopted a Monte Carlo approach to analyze the CMF with two types of functional forms; power law and log-normal. The whole and prestellar CMF are both well fitted by a log-normal distribution, with $\mu =-1.18\pm0.10,\ \sigma =0.58\pm0.05$ and $\mu =1.40\pm0.10,\ \sigma =0.50\pm0.05$ respectively. This finding suggests that turbulence influences the evolution of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud.