Star Cluster Formation and Feedback

Mark R. Krumholz, Matthew R. Bate, Hector G. Arce, James E. Dale, Robert Gutermuth, Richard I. Klein, Zhi-Yun Li, Fumitaka Nakamura, Qizhou Zhang

Published 2014-01-10Version 1

Stars do not generally form in isolation. Instead, they form in clusters, and in these clustered environments newborn stars can have profound effects on one another and on their parent gas clouds. Feedback from clustered stars is almost certainly responsible for a number of otherwise puzzling facts about star formation: that it is an inefficient process that proceeds slowly when averaged over galactic scales; that most stars disperse from their birth sites and dissolve into the galactic field over timescales $\ll 1$ Gyr; and that newborn stars follow an initial mass function (IMF) with a distinct peak in the range $0.1 - 1$ $M_\odot$, rather than an IMF dominated by brown dwarfs. In this review we summarize current observational constraints and theoretical models for the complex interplay between clustered star formation and feedback.