Alternating trilinear forms on a 9-dimensional space and degenerations of (3,3)-polarized Abelian surfaces

Laurent Gruson, Steven V Sam

Published 2013-01-22, updated 2014-09-16Version 2

We give a detailed analysis of the semisimple elements, in the sense of Vinberg, of the third exterior power of a 9-dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2 and 3. To a general such element, one can naturally associate an Abelian surface X, which is embedded in 8-dimensional projective space. We study the combinatorial structure of this embedding and explicitly recover the genus 2 curve whose Jacobian variety is X. We also classify the types of degenerations of X that can occur. Taking the union over all Abelian surfaces in Heisenberg normal form, we get a 5-dimensional variety which is a birational model for a genus 2 analogue of Shioda's modular surfaces. We find determinantal set-theoretic equations for this variety and present some additional equations which conjecturally generate the radical ideal.