Sheng Zhang, Jie Li, Ian Gilbert, Jason Bartell, Michael J. Erickson, Yu Pan, Paul E. Lammert, Cristiano Nisoli, K. K. Kohli, Rajiv Misra, Vincent H. Crespi, Nitin Samarth, C. Leighton, Peter Schiffer
Published 2012-07-05Version 1
We have studied frustrated kagome arrays and unfrustrated honeycomb arrays of magnetostatically-interacting single-domain ferromagnetic islands with magnetization normal to the plane. The measured pairwise spin correlations of both lattices can be reproduced by models based solely on nearest-neighbor correlations. The kagome array has qualitatively different magnetostatics but identical lattice topology to previously-studied 'artificial spin ice' systems composed of in-plane moments. The two systems show striking similarities in the development of moment pair correlations, demonstrating a universality in artificial spin ice behavior independent of specific realization in a particular material system.
Comments: supplementary material included
NV-center imaging of bubble domains in a 6 Å film of cobalt with perpendicular magnetization
Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields
Chiral symmetry breaking for deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torque
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