We consider a spin-1/2 electron and a spin-1/2 nucleus interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field in the standard model of non-relativistic QED. For a fixed total momentum sufficiently small, we study the multiplicity of the ground state of the reduced Hamiltonian. We prove that the coupling between the spins of the charged particles and the electromagnetic field splits the degeneracy of the ground state.
Hyperfine splitting in non-relativistic QED: uniqueness of the dressed hydrogen atom ground state
On the theory of resonances in non-relativistic QED and related models
On the Atomic Photoeffect in Non-relativistic QED
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