{
  "id": "cond-mat/0003353",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2000-03-22T01:51:21.000Z",
  "updated": "2000-03-22T01:51:21.000Z",
  "title": "Universality of the Kondo Effect in a Quantum Dot out of Equilibrium",
  "authors": [
    "A. Kaminski",
    "Yu. V. Nazarov",
    "L. I. Glazman"
  ],
  "comment": "18 pages, 5 figures",
  "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.62.8154",
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.mes-hall",
    "cond-mat.str-el"
  ],
  "abstract": "We study the Kondo effect in a quantum dot driven out of equilibrium by an external ac field. The Kondo effect can be probed by measuring the dc current induced by an auxiliary dc bias $V_{dc}$ applied across the dot. In the absence of ac perturbation, the corresponding differential conductance $G(V_{dc})$ is known to exhibit a sharp peak at $V_{dc}=0$, which is the manifestation of the Kondo effect. In the equilibrium, there exists only one energy scale, the Kondo temperature $T_K$, which controls all the low-energy physics of the system; $G$ is some universal function of $eV_{dc}/T_K$. We demonstrate that the dot out of equilibrium is also characterized by a universal behavior: conductance $G$ depends on the ac field only through two dimensionless parameters, which are the frequency $\\omega$ and the amplitude of the ac perturbation, both divided by $T_K$. We find analytically the large- and small-frequency asymptotes of the universal dependence of $G$ on these parameters. The obtained results allow us to predict the behavior of the conductance in the crossover regime $\\hbar\\omega\\sim T_K$.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2000-03-22T01:51:21.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "kondo effect",
      "equilibrium",
      "universality",
      "ac perturbation",
      "auxiliary dc bias"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "publisher": "APS",
      "journal": "Phys. Rev. B"
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 18,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}