{
  "id": "2410.02404",
  "version": "v2",
  "published": "2024-10-03T11:31:54.000Z",
  "updated": "2024-10-09T07:32:14.000Z",
  "title": "Theory of atomic-scale direct thermometry using ESR-STM",
  "authors": [
    "Y. del Castillo",
    "J. Fernández-Rossier"
  ],
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.mes-hall"
  ],
  "abstract": "Knowledge of the occupation ratio and the energy splitting of a two-level system yields a direct readout of its temperature. Based on this principle, the determination of the temperature of an individual two-level magnetic atom was demonstrated using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) via Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (ESR-STM). The temperature determination proceeds in two steps. First, energy splitting is determined using ESR-STM. Second, the equilibrium occupation of the two-level atom is determined in a resonance experiment of a second nearby atom, that has now two different resonant peaks, associated to the two states of the magnetic two-level atom. The ratio of the heights of its resonance peaks yields the occupation ratio. Here we present theory work to address three key aspects: first, we find how shot-noise and back-action limit the precision of this thermometry method; second, we study how the geometry of the nearby spins can be used to enhance signal-to-noise ratio. We predict ESR-STM thermometry can achieve a resolution of 10 mK using temperatures in the T= 1K range. Third, we show how ESR-STM thermometry can be used to detect thermal gradients as small as 5 mK/nm.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v2",
      "updated": "2024-10-09T07:32:14.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "atomic-scale direct thermometry",
      "occupation ratio",
      "individual two-level magnetic atom",
      "two-level atom",
      "detect thermal gradients"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}