{
  "id": "2408.15017",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2024-08-27T12:51:05.000Z",
  "updated": "2024-08-27T12:51:05.000Z",
  "title": "Unveiling the central engine of core-collapse supernovae in the Local Universe: NS or BH?",
  "authors": [
    "Maurice H. P. M. van Putten",
    "Maryam A. Abchouyeh",
    "Massimo Della Valle"
  ],
  "comment": "20 pages, 9 figures, to appear in ApJL",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "The physical trigger powering supernovae following the core collapse of massive stars is believed to involve a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH), depending largely on progenitor mass. A potentially distinct signature is a long-duration gravitational wave (GW) burst from BH central engines by their ample energy reservoir $E_J$ in angular momentum, far more so than an NS can provide. A natural catalyst for this radiation is surrounding high-density matter in the form of a non-axisymmetric disk or torus. Here, we derive a detailed outlook on LVK probes of core-collapse supernovae CC-SNe during the present observational run O4 based on their event rate, an association with normal long GRBs and mass-scaling of GW170817B/GRB170817A. For BH central engines of mass $M$, GW170817B predicts a descending GW-chirp of energy ${\\cal E}_{GW}\\simeq 3.5\\% M_\\odot c^2 \\left(M/M_0\\right)$ at frequency $f_{GW}\\lesssim 700\\,{\\rm Hz}\\left(M_0/M\\right)$, where $M_0\\simeq 2.8\\,M_\\odot$. For a few tens of events per year well into the Local Universe within 50-100Mpc, probes at the detector-limited sensitivity are expected to break the degeneracy between their NS or BH central engines {by GW calorimetry.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2024-08-27T12:51:05.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "local universe",
      "bh central engines",
      "long-duration gravitational wave",
      "ample energy reservoir",
      "core-collapse supernovae cc-sne"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 20,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}