{
  "id": "2407.09989",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2024-07-13T19:34:51.000Z",
  "updated": "2024-07-13T19:34:51.000Z",
  "title": "The induced friction on a probe moving in a nonequilibrium medium",
  "authors": [
    "Ji-Hui Pei",
    "Christian Maes"
  ],
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.stat-mech"
  ],
  "abstract": "Using a powerful combination of projection-operator method and path-space response theory, we derive the fluctuation dynamics of a slow inertial probe coupled to a steady nonequilibrium medium under the assumption of time-scale separation. The nonequilibrium can be realized by external nongradient driving on the medium particles or by their (athermal) active self-propulsion. The resulting friction on the probe is explicit as a time-correlation for medium observables and is decomposed into two terms, one entropic and proportional to the noise amplitude as in the Einstein relation for equilibrium media, and a frenetic term that can take both signs. As illustration, we give the exact expressions for the friction and noise of a probe in a rotating run-and-tumble medium and in a sheared overdamped medium. In both examples, we find an interesting transition to absolute negative probe friction as the nonequilibrium medium exhibits sufficient and persistent rotational current.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2024-07-13T19:34:51.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "induced friction",
      "probe moving",
      "steady nonequilibrium medium",
      "path-space response theory",
      "persistent rotational current"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}