{
  "id": "2311.03948",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2023-11-07T12:41:54.000Z",
  "updated": "2023-11-07T12:41:54.000Z",
  "title": "Cloud-cloud collision in S235: triggered the formation of high-mass stars and young star clusters",
  "authors": [
    "En Chen",
    "Yu Gao",
    "Shiyu Zhang",
    "Xuepeng Chen",
    "Min Fang",
    "Qianru He",
    "Xuejian Jiang",
    "Yan Sun",
    "Xiaolong Wang",
    "Hongjun Ma"
  ],
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We present the analysis of cloud-cloud collision (CCC) process in the Galactic molecular complex S235. Our new CO observations performed with the PMO-13.7m telescope reveal two molecular clouds, namely the S235-Main and the S235-ABC, with $\\sim$ 4 km s$^{-1}$ velocity separation. The bridge feature, the possible colliding interface and the complementary distribution of the two clouds are significant observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision in S235. The most direct evidence of cloud-cloud collision process in S235 is that the S235-Main (in a distance of 1547$^{+44}_{-43}$ pc) and S235-ABC (1567$^{+33}_{-39}$ pc) meet at almost the same position (within 1$\\sigma$ error range) at a supersonic relative speed. We identified ten $^{13}$CO clumps from PMO-13.7m observations, 22 dust cores from the archival SCUBA-2 data, and 550 YSOs from NIR-MIR data. 63$\\%$ of total YSOs are clustering in seven MST groups (M1$-$M7). The tight association between the YSO groups (M1 $\\&$ M7) and the bridge feature suggests that the CCC process triggers star formation there. The collisional impact subregion (the South) shows $3\\sim5$ times higher CFE and SFE (average value of 12.3$\\%$ and 10.6$\\%$, respectively) than the non-collisional impact subregion (2.4$\\%$ and 2.6$\\%$, respectively), suggesting that the CCC process may have enhanced the CFE and SFE of the clouds compared to those without collision influence.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2023-11-07T12:41:54.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "cloud-cloud collision",
      "young star clusters",
      "high-mass stars",
      "ccc process triggers star formation",
      "bridge feature"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}