{
  "id": "2308.07271",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2023-08-14T16:58:44.000Z",
  "updated": "2023-08-14T16:58:44.000Z",
  "title": "An Extensive $\\textit{Hubble Space Telescope}$ Study of the Offset and Host Light Distributions of Type I Superluminous Supernovae",
  "authors": [
    "Brian Hsu",
    "Peter K. Blanchard",
    "Edo Berger",
    "Sebastian Gomez"
  ],
  "comment": "31 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcomed",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "We present an extensive $\\textit{Hubble Space Telescope}$ ($\\textit{HST}$) rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) imaging study of the locations of Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) within their host galaxies. The sample includes 65 SLSNe with detected host galaxies in the redshift range $z\\approx 0.05-2$. Using precise astrometric matching with SN images, we determine the distributions of physical and host-normalized offsets relative to the host centers, as well as the fractional flux distribution relative to the underlying UV light distribution. We find that the host-normalized offsets of SLSNe roughly track an exponential disk profile, but exhibit an overabundance of sources with large offsets of $1.5-4$ times their host half-light radius. The SLSNe normalized offsets are systematically larger than those of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), and even Type Ib/c and II SNe. Furthermore, we find that about 40\\% of all SLSNe occur in the dimmest regions of their host galaxies (fractional flux of 0), in stark contrast to LGRBs and Type Ib/c and II SNe. We do not detect any significant trends in the locations of SLSNe as a function of redshift, or as a function of explosion and magnetar engine parameters inferred from modeling of their optical lights curves. The significant difference in SLSN locations compared to LGRBs (and normal core-collapse SNe) suggests that at least some of their progenitors follow a different evolutionary path. We speculate that SLSNe arise from massive runaway stars from disrupted binary systems, with velocities of $\\sim 10^2$ km s$^{-1}$.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2023-08-14T16:58:44.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "host light distributions",
      "superluminous supernovae",
      "host galaxies",
      "type ib/c",
      "normal core-collapse sne"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 31,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}