{
  "id": "2307.02531",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2023-07-05T18:00:01.000Z",
  "updated": "2023-07-05T18:00:01.000Z",
  "title": "Subaru High-$z$ Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XVIII. The Dark Matter Halo Mass of Quasars at $z\\sim6$",
  "authors": [
    "Junya Arita",
    "Nobunari Kashikawa",
    "Yoshiki Matsuoka",
    "Wanqiu He",
    "Kei Ito",
    "Yongming Liang",
    "Rikako Ishimoto",
    "Takehiro Yoshioka",
    "Yoshihiro Takeda",
    "Kazushi Iwasawa",
    "Masafusa Onoue",
    "Yoshiki Toba",
    "Masatoshi Imanishi"
  ],
  "comment": "22 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We present, for the first time, dark matter halo (DMH) mass measurement of quasars at $z\\sim6$ based on a clustering analysis of 107 quasars. Spectroscopically identified quasars are homogeneously extracted from the HSC-SSP wide layer over $891\\,\\mathrm{deg^2}$. We evaluate the clustering strength by three different auto-correlation functions: projected correlation function, angular correlation function, and redshift-space correlation function. The DMH mass of quasars at $z\\sim6$ is evaluated as $5.0_{-4.0}^{+7.4}\\times10^{12}\\,h^{-1}M_\\odot$ with the bias parameter $b=20.8\\pm8.7$ by the projected correlation function. The other two estimators agree with these values, though each uncertainty is large. The DMH mass of quasars is found to be nearly constant $\\sim10^{12.5}\\,h^{-1}M_\\odot$ throughout cosmic time, suggesting that there is a characteristic DMH mass where quasars are always activated. As a result, quasars appear in the most massive halos at $z \\sim 6$, but in less extreme halos thereafter. The DMH mass does not appear to exceed the upper limit of $10^{13}\\,h^{-1}M_\\odot$, which suggests that most quasars reside in DMHs with $M_\\mathrm{halo}<10^{13}\\,h^{-1}M_\\odot$ across most of the cosmic time. Our results supporting a significant increasing bias with redshift are consistent with the bias evolution model with inefficient AGN feedback at $z\\sim6$. The duty cycle ($f_\\mathrm{duty}$) is estimated as $0.019\\pm0.008$ by assuming that DMHs in some mass interval can host a quasar. The average stellar mass is evaluated from stellar-to-halo mass ratio as $M_*=6.5_{-5.2}^{+9.6}\\times10^{10}\\,h^{-1}M_\\odot$, which is found to be consistent with [C II] observational results.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2023-07-05T18:00:01.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "dark matter halo mass",
      "dmh mass",
      "low-luminosity quasars",
      "projected correlation function",
      "exploration"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 22,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}