{
  "id": "2304.09202",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2023-04-18T18:00:05.000Z",
  "updated": "2023-04-18T18:00:05.000Z",
  "title": "Jellyfish galaxies with the IllustrisTNG simulations -- Citizen-science results towards large distances, low-mass hosts, and high redshifts",
  "authors": [
    "Elad Zinger",
    "Gandhali Joshi",
    "Annalisa Pillepich",
    "Eric Rohr",
    "Dylan Nelson"
  ],
  "comment": "submitted to MNRAS ; See additional jellyfish companion papers today on astro-ph: Rohr et al. and Goeller et al.; Jellyfish image gallery: https://www.tng-project.org/explore/gallery/zinger23/",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We present the ``Cosmological Jellyfish'' project - a citizen-science classification program to identify jellyfish galaxies within the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations. Jellyfish (JF) are satellite galaxies that exhibit long trailing gas features -- `tails' -- extending from their stellar body. Their distinctive morphology arises due to ram-pressure stripping (RPS) as they move through the background gaseous medium. Using the TNG50 and TNG100 simulations, we construct a sample of $\\sim 80,000$ satellite galaxies spanning an unprecedented range of stellar masses, $10^{8.3-12.3}\\,\\mathrm{M_\\odot}$, and host masses of $M_\\mathrm{200,c}=10^{10.4-14.6}\\,\\mathrm{M_\\odot}$ back to $z=2$ \\citep[extending the work of][]{yun_jellyfish_2019}. Based on this sample, $\\sim 90,000$ galaxy images were presented to volunteers in a citizen-science project on the Zooniverse platform who were asked to determine if each galaxy image resembles a jellyfish. Based on volunteer votes, each galaxy was assigned a score determining if it is a JF or not. This paper describes the project, the inspected satellite sample, the methodology, and the classification process that resulted in a dataset of $5,307$ visually-identified jellyfish galaxies. We find that JF galaxies are common in nearly all group- and cluster-sized systems, with the JF fraction increasing with host mass and decreasing with satellite stellar mass. We highlight JF galaxies in three relatively unexplored regimes: low-mass hosts of $M_\\mathrm{200,c}\\sim10^{11.5-13}\\,\\mathrm{M_\\odot}$, radial positions within hosts exceeding the virial radius $R_\\mathrm{200,c}$, and at high redshift up to $z=2$. The full dataset of our jellyfish scores is publicly available and can be used to select and study JF galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2023-04-18T18:00:05.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "jellyfish galaxies",
      "illustristng simulations",
      "high redshift",
      "low-mass hosts",
      "citizen-science results"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}