{
  "id": "2303.14866",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2023-03-27T01:02:18.000Z",
  "updated": "2023-03-27T01:02:18.000Z",
  "title": "Imaging Molecular Outflow in Massive Star-forming Regions with HNCO Lines",
  "authors": [
    "Jinjin Xie",
    "Juan Li",
    "Junzhi Wang",
    "Shu Liu",
    "Kai Yang",
    "Donghui Quan",
    "Siqi Zheng",
    "Yuqiang Li",
    "Jingwen Wu",
    "Yan Duan",
    "Di Li"
  ],
  "comment": "18 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, and accepted for publication in ApJ",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA",
    "astro-ph.SR"
  ],
  "abstract": "Protostellar outflows are considered a signpost of star formation. These outflows can cause shocks in the molecular gas and are typically traced by the line wings of certain molecules. HNCO (4--3) has been regarded as a shock tracer because of the high abundance in shocked regions. Here we present the first imaging results of HNCO (4--3) line wings toward nine sources in a sample of twenty three massive star-forming regions using the IRAM 30\\,m telescope. We adopt the velocity range of the full width of HC$_{3}$N (10--9) and H$^{13}$CO$^+$ (1--0) emissions as the central emission values, beyond which the emission from HNCO (4--3) is considered to be from line wings. The spatial distributions of the red- and/or blue-lobes of HNCO (4--3) emission nicely associate with those lobes of HCO$^{+}$ (1--0) in most of the sources. High intensity ratios of HNCO (4--3) to HCO$^+$ (1--0) are obtained in the line wings. The derived column density ratios of HNCO to HCO$^+$ are consistent with those previously observed towards massive star-forming regions. These results provide direct evidence that HNCO could trace outflow in massive star-forming regions. This work also implies that the formation of some HNCO molecules is related to shock, either on the grain surface or within the shocked gas.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2023-03-27T01:02:18.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "massive star-forming regions",
      "imaging molecular outflow",
      "hnco lines",
      "line wings",
      "central emission values"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 18,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}