{
  "id": "2210.11329",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2022-10-20T15:03:42.000Z",
  "updated": "2022-10-20T15:03:42.000Z",
  "title": "Estimating the Convective Turnover Time",
  "authors": [
    "Wei-Chun Jao",
    "Andrew A Couperus",
    "Eliot H. Vrijmoet",
    "Nicholas J Wright",
    "Todd J. Henry"
  ],
  "comment": "8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. One of the figures is a 3D interactive plot, which is available in the online journal or at https://www.chara.gsu.edu/~jao/3D.html",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR"
  ],
  "abstract": "The introduction of the Rossby number (R$_0$), which incorporates the convective turnover time ($\\tau$), in 1984 was a pioneering idea for understanding the correlation between stellar rotation and activity. The convective turnover time, which cannot be measured directly, is often inferred using existing $\\tau$-mass or $\\tau$-color relations, typically established based on an ensemble of different types of stars by assuming that $\\tau$ is a function of mass. In this work, we use {\\it Gaia} Early Data Release 3 to demonstrate that the masses used to establish one of the most cited $\\tau$-mass relations are overestimated for G type dwarfs and significantly underestimated for late M dwarfs, offsets that affect studies using this $\\tau$-mass relation to draw conclusions. We discuss the challenges of creating such relations then and now. In the era of {\\it Gaia} and other large datasets, stars used to establish these relations require characterization in a multi-dimensional space, rather than via the single-characteristic relations of the past. We propose that new multi-dimensional relations should be established based on updated theoretical models and all available stellar parameters for different interior structures from a set of carefully vetted single stars, so that the convective turnover time can be estimated more accurately.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2022-10-20T15:03:42.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "convective turnover time",
      "mass relation",
      "estimating",
      "multi-dimensional relations",
      "single-characteristic relations"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 8,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}