{
  "id": "2206.06066",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2022-06-13T11:52:00.000Z",
  "updated": "2022-06-13T11:52:00.000Z",
  "title": "Unraveling the observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision and hub-filament systems in W31",
  "authors": [
    "A. K. Maity",
    "L. K. Dewangan",
    "H. Sano",
    "K. Tachihara",
    "Y. Fukui",
    "N. K. Bhadari"
  ],
  "comment": "21 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "To understand the formation process of massive stars, we present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study of the W31 complex hosting two extended HII regions (i.e., G10.30-0.15 (hereafter, W31-N) and G10.15-0.34 (hereafter, W31-S)) powered by a cluster of O-type stars. Several Class I protostars and a total of 49 ATLASGAL 870 $\\mu$m dust clumps (at d = 3.55 kpc) are found toward the HII regions where some of the clumps are associated with the molecular outflow activity. These results confirm the existence of a single physical system hosting the early phases of star formation. The Herschel 250 $\\mu$m continuum map shows the presence of hub-filament system (HFS) toward both W31-N and W31-S. The central hubs harbour HII regions and they are depicted with extended structures (with T$_{\\text{d}}$ $\\sim$ 25-32 K) in the Herschel temperature map. In the direction of W31-S, an analysis of the NANTEN2 $^{12}$CO(J = 1-0) and SEDIGISM $^{13}$CO(J = 2-1) line data supports the presence of two cloud components around 8 and 16 km s$^{-1}$, and their connection in velocity space. A spatial complementary distribution between the two cloud components is also investigated toward W31-S, where the signposts of star formation, including massive O-type stars, are concentrated. These findings favor the applicability of cloud-cloud collision (CCC) around $\\sim$2 Myr ago in W31-S. Overall, our observational findings support the theoretical scenario of CCC in W31, which explains the formation of massive stars and the existence of HFSs.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2022-06-13T11:52:00.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "cloud-cloud collision",
      "hub-filament system",
      "observational signatures",
      "central hubs harbour hii regions",
      "o-type stars"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 21,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}