{
  "id": "2112.10030",
  "version": "v2",
  "published": "2021-12-19T00:12:07.000Z",
  "updated": "2022-03-07T20:54:46.000Z",
  "title": "A Stacking Survey of Gamma-ray Pulsars",
  "authors": [
    "Yuzhe Song",
    "Timothy A. D. Paglione",
    "Joshua Tan",
    "Charles Lee-Georgescu"
  ],
  "comment": "Submitted to ApJ. Second revision. 15 pages, 11 figures, and 2 tables",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "We report on a likelihood stacking search for gamma-ray pulsars at 525 high latitude locations that coincide with known radio pulsar positions. We significantly detect a stacked signal over the background. Stacking their likelihood profiles in spectral parameter space implies a pulsar-like spectral index and a characteristic flux one order of magnitude below the Fermi-LAT sensitivity. The same procedures performed on empty control fields imply a false detection rate as much as 50\\%, although the stacked spectra of the control fields are distinctly softer than those of the pulsars. This study also probes a unique region of parameter space populated by older, transitional, and recycled (millisecond) pulsars. Many of these sources have lower rotational energy loss rates implying that the empirical gamma-ray \"death line\" could be predominantly a sensitivity limit. These new stacking results sensitively probe an unexplored population of low luminosity and low spin-down power pulsars. The millisecond pulsar luminosity function measured for the stack of sub-threshold millisecond pulsars constrains their contribution to the Galactic center GeV excess.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v2",
      "updated": "2022-03-07T20:54:46.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "gamma-ray pulsars",
      "stacking survey",
      "energy loss rates implying",
      "lower rotational energy loss rates",
      "spectral parameter space implies"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 15,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}