{
  "id": "2111.01384",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2021-11-02T06:01:13.000Z",
  "updated": "2021-11-02T06:01:13.000Z",
  "title": "Discovery of a protocluster core associated with an enormous Ly$α$ Nebula at $z = 2.3$",
  "authors": [
    "Qiong Li",
    "Ran Wang",
    "Helmut Dannerbauer",
    "Zheng Cai",
    "Bjorn Emonts",
    "Jason Xavier Prochaska",
    "Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia",
    "Roberto Neri",
    "Chengpeng Zhang",
    "Xiaohui Fan",
    "Shuowen Jin",
    "Ilsang Yoon",
    "Shane Bechtel"
  ],
  "comment": "14 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ",
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ac29c6",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "The MAMMOTH-1 nebula at $z=2.317$ is an enormous Ly$\\alpha$ nebula (ELAN) extending to a $\\sim$440 kpc scale at the center of the extreme galaxy overdensity BOSS 1441. In this paper, we present observations of the $\\rm CO(3-2)$ and 250 GHz dust-continuum emission from the MAMMOTH-1 using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array. Our observations show that $\\rm CO(3-2)$ emission in this ELAN has not extended widespread emission into the circum- and inter-galactic media. We also find a remarkable concentration of six massive galaxies in $\\rm CO(3-2)$ emission in the central $\\sim$100 kpc region of the ELAN. Their velocity dispersions suggest a total halo mass of $M_{200c} \\sim 10^{13.1} M_{\\odot}$, marking a possible protocluster core associated with the ELAN. The peak position of the $\\rm CO(3-2)$ line emission from the obscured AGN is consistent with the location of the intensity peak of MAMMOTH-1 in the rest-frame UV band. Its luminosity line ratio between the $\\rm CO(3-2)$ and $\\rm CO(1-0)$ $r_{3,1}$ is 0.61$\\pm$0.17. The other five galaxies have $\\rm CO(3-2)$ luminosities in the range of (2.1-7.1)$\\times 10^9$ K $\\rm km\\,s^{-1}$ pc$^2$, with the star-formation rates derived from the 250GHz continuum of ($<$36)-224 $M_{\\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. Follow-up spectroscopic observations will further confirm more member galaxies and improve the accuracy of the halo mass estimation.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2021-11-02T06:01:13.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "protocluster core",
      "enormous ly",
      "northern extended millimeter array",
      "extreme galaxy overdensity boss",
      "observations"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 14,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}