{
  "id": "2106.08262",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2021-06-15T16:19:11.000Z",
  "updated": "2021-06-15T16:19:11.000Z",
  "title": "X-ray Super-Flares From Pre-Main Sequence Stars: Flare Modeling",
  "authors": [
    "Konstantin V. Getman",
    "Eric D. Feigelson",
    "Gordon P. Garmire"
  ],
  "comment": "28 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR",
    "astro-ph.HE"
  ],
  "abstract": "Getman et al. (2021) reports the discovery, energetics, frequencies, and effects on environs of $>1000$ X-ray super-flares with X-ray energies $E_X \\sim 10^{34}-10^{38}$~erg from pre-main sequence (PMS) stars identified in the Chandra MYStIX and SFiNCs surveys. Here we perform detailed plasma evolution modeling of 55 bright MYStIX/SFiNCs super-flares from these events. This is the largest sample of highly energetic flares analyzed in a uniform fashion. They are compared with published X-ray super-flares from young stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster, older active stars, and the Sun. Several results emerge. First, the properties of PMS super-flares are independent of the presence or absence of protoplanetary disks, supporting the solar-type model of PMS flaring magnetic loops with both footpoints anchored in the stellar surface. Second, most PMS super-flares resemble solar long-duration events associated with coronal mass ejections. Slow rise PMS super-flares are an interesting exception. Third, strong correlations of super-flare peak emission measure and plasma temperature with the stellar mass are similar to established correlations for the PMS X-ray emission likely composed of numerous smaller flares. Fourth, a new correlation of loop geometry is linked to stellar mass; more massive stars have thicker flaring loops. Finally, the slope of a long-standing relationship between the X-ray luminosity and magnetic flux of various solar-stellar magnetic elements appears steeper in PMS super-flares than for solar events.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2021-06-15T16:19:11.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "pre-main sequence stars",
      "x-ray super-flares",
      "pms super-flares",
      "magnetic elements appears steeper",
      "super-flares resemble solar long-duration"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 28,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}