{
  "id": "2103.08990",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2021-03-16T11:34:21.000Z",
  "updated": "2021-03-16T11:34:21.000Z",
  "title": "A Galactic survey of radio jets from massive protostars",
  "authors": [
    "S. J. D. Purser",
    "S. L. Lumsden",
    "M. G. Hoare",
    "S. Kurtz"
  ],
  "comment": "To be published in MNRAS. 20 pages main text (4 tables, 14 figures), 90 pages appendices (6 tables, 66 figures)",
  "doi": "10.1093/mnras/stab747",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA",
    "astro-ph.SR"
  ],
  "abstract": "In conjunction with a previous southern-hemisphere work, we present the largest radio survey of jets from massive protostars to date with high-resolution, ($\\sim 0.04^{\\prime\\prime}$) VLA observations towards two subsamples of massive star-forming regions of different evolutionary statuses: 48 infrared-bright, massive YSOs and 8 IRDCs containing 16 luminous (${\\rm L_{bol}}>10^3\\,{\\rm L_\\odot}$) cores. For $94\\%$ of the MYSO sample we detect thermal radio ($\\alpha \\geq -0.1$ whereby $S_\\nu \\propto \\nu^\\alpha$) sources coincident with the protostar, of which $84\\%$ (13 jets and 25 candidates) are jet-like. Radio luminosity is found to scale with ${\\rm L_{bol}}$ similarly to the low-mass case supporting a common mechanism for jet production across all masses. Associated radio lobes tracing shocks are seen towards $52\\%$ of jet-like objects and are preferentially detected towards jets of higher radio and bolometric luminosities, resulting from our sensitivity limitations. We find jet mass loss rate scales with bolometric luminosity as $\\dot{m}_{\\rm jet} \\propto {\\rm L_{bol}}^{0.9\\pm0.2}$, thereby discarding radiative, line-driving mechanisms as the dominant jet-launching process. Calculated momenta show that the majority of jets are mechanically capable of driving the massive, molecular outflow phenomena since $p_{\\rm jet}>p_{\\rm outflow}$. Finally, from their physical extent we show that the radio emission can not originate from small, optically-thick \\textsc{Hii} regions. Towards the IRDC cores, we observe increasing incidence rates/radio fluxes with age using the proxy of increasing luminosity-to-mass $\\left( \\frac{L}{M} \\right)$ and decreasing infrared flux ratios $\\left(\\frac{S_{70 \\rm \\mu m}}{S_{24 \\rm \\mu m}}\\right)$. Cores with $\\frac{L}{M}<40\\,{\\rm L_{sol}}{\\rm M_{sol}}^{-1}$ are not detected above ($5.8{\\rm GHz}$) radio luminosities of $\\sim1{\\rm mJy\\,kpc}^2$.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2021-03-16T11:34:21.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "massive protostars",
      "radio jets",
      "galactic survey",
      "radio lobes tracing shocks",
      "jet mass loss rate scales"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 20,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}