{
  "id": "2012.09447",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2020-12-17T08:44:44.000Z",
  "updated": "2020-12-17T08:44:44.000Z",
  "title": "Dust, gas, and metal content in star-forming galaxies at $z\\sim3.3$ revealed with ALMA and Near-IR spectroscopy",
  "authors": [
    "Tomoko L. Suzuki",
    "Masato Onodera",
    "Tadayuki Kodama",
    "Emanuele Daddi",
    "Masao Hayashi",
    "Yusei Koyama",
    "Rhythm Shimakawa",
    "Ian Smail",
    "David Sobral",
    "Sandro Tacchella",
    "Ichi Tanaka"
  ],
  "comment": "19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We conducted sub-millimeter observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) of star-forming galaxies at $z\\sim3.3$, whose gas-phase metallicities have been previously measured. We investigate the dust and gas contents of the galaxies at $z\\sim3.3$ and study how galaxies are interacting with their circumgalactic/intergalactic medium at this epoch by probing their gas mass fractions and gas-phase metallicities. Single-band dust continuum emission tracing dust mass and the relation between the gas-phase metallicity and gas-to-dust mass ratio are used to estimate the gas masses. The estimated gas mass fractions and depletion timescales are $f_{\\rm gas}=$ 0.20-0.75 and $t_{\\rm dep}=$ 0.09-1.55 Gyr, respectively. Although the galaxies appear to tightly distribute around the star-forming main sequence at $z\\sim3.3$, both quantities show a wider spread at a fixed stellar mass than expected from the scaling relation, suggesting a large diversity of fundamental gas properties among star-forming galaxies apparently on the main sequence. Comparing gas mass fraction and gas-phase metallicity between the star-forming galaxies at $z\\sim3.3$ and at lower redshifts, star-forming galaxies at $z\\sim3.3$ appear to be more metal-poor than local galaxies with similar gas mass fractions. Using the gas regulator model to interpret this offset, we find that it can be explained by a higher mass-loading factor, suggesting that the mass-loading factor in outflows increases at earlier cosmic times.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2020-12-17T08:44:44.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "star-forming galaxies",
      "gas mass fraction",
      "metal content",
      "near-ir spectroscopy",
      "gas-phase metallicity"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 19,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}