{
  "id": "2008.13647",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2020-08-31T14:33:25.000Z",
  "updated": "2020-08-31T14:33:25.000Z",
  "title": "Pulsation-driven mass loss from massive stars behind stellar mergers in metal-poor dense clusters",
  "authors": [
    "Daisuke Nakauchi",
    "Kohei Inayoshi",
    "Kazuyuki Omukai"
  ],
  "comment": "15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR",
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "The recent discovery of high-redshift (z > 6) supermassive black holes (SMBH) favors the formation of massive seed BHs in protogalaxies. One possible scenario is formation of massive stars ~ 1e3-1e4 Msun via runaway stellar collisions in a dense cluster, leaving behind massive BHs without significant mass loss. We study the pulsational instability of massive stars with the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) mass Mzams/Msun = 300-3000 and metallicity Z/Zsun = 0-0.1, and discuss whether or not pulsation-driven mass loss prevents massive BH formation. In the MS phase, the pulsational instability excited by the epsilon-mechanism grows in ~ 1e3 yrs. As the stellar mass and metallicity increase, the mass-loss rate increases to < 1e-3 Msun/yr. In the red super-giant (RSG) phase, the instability is excited by the kappa-mechanism operating in the hydrogen ionization zone and grows more rapidly in ~ 10 yrs. The RSG mass-loss rate is almost independent of metallicity and distributes in the range of ~ 1e-3-1e-2 Msun/yr. Conducting the stellar structure calculations including feedback due to pulsation-driven winds, we find that the stellar models of Mzams/Msun = 300-3000 can leave behind remnant BHs more massive than ~ 200-1200 Msun. We conclude that massive merger products can seed monster SMBHs observed at z > 6.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2020-08-31T14:33:25.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "pulsation-driven mass loss",
      "metal-poor dense clusters",
      "massive stars",
      "stellar mergers",
      "prevents massive bh formation"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 15,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}