{
  "id": "2001.08711",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2020-01-23T18:03:04.000Z",
  "updated": "2020-01-23T18:03:04.000Z",
  "title": "The Uncertain Masses of Progenitors of Core Collapse Supernovae and Direct Collapse Black Holes",
  "authors": [
    "Eoin Farrell",
    "Jose Groh",
    "Georges Meynet",
    "JJ Eldridge"
  ],
  "comment": "Re-submitted to MNRAS Letters after referee comments",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.SR",
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "We show that it is not possible to determine the final mass $M_{\\rm fin}$ of a red supergiant (RSG) at the pre-supernova (SN) stage from its luminosity $L$ and effective temperature $T_{\\rm eff}$ alone. Using a grid of stellar models, we demonstrate that for a given value of $L$ and $T_{\\rm eff}$, a RSG can have a range of $M_{\\rm fin}$ as wide as 3 to $45~\\mathrm{M}_{\\odot}$. While the probability distribution within these limits is not flat, any individual determination of $M_{\\rm fin}$ for a RSG will be degenerate. This makes it difficult to determine its evolutionary history and to map $M_{\\rm fin}$ to an initial mass. Single stars produce a narrower range that is difficult to accurately determine without making strong assumptions about mass loss, convection, and rotation. Binaries would produce a wider range of RSG $M_{\\rm fin}$. However, the final Helium core mass M$_{\\rm He-core}$ is well determined by the final luminosity and we find $\\log (\\mathrm{M}_{\\rm He-core}/M_{\\odot}) = 0.659 \\log (L/\\mathrm{L}_{\\odot}) -2.630$ Using this relationship, we derive M$_{\\rm He-core}$ for directly imaged SN progenitors and one failed SN candidate. The value of $M_{\\rm fin}$ for stripped star progenitors of SNe IIb is better constrained by $L$ and $T_{\\rm eff}$ due to the dependence of $T_{\\rm eff}$ on the envelope mass $M_{\\rm env}$ for $M_{\\rm env} \\lesssim 1~$M$_{\\odot}$. Given the initial mass function, our results apply to the majority of progenitors of core collapse SNe, failed SNe and direct collapse black holes.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2020-01-23T18:03:04.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "direct collapse black holes",
      "core collapse supernovae",
      "uncertain masses",
      "progenitors",
      "final helium core mass"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}