{
  "id": "1901.00872",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2019-01-03T19:00:12.000Z",
  "updated": "2019-01-03T19:00:12.000Z",
  "title": "Host Galaxies of Type Ic and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Implication for Jet Production",
  "authors": [
    "Maryam Modjaz",
    "Federica B. Bianco",
    "Magdalena Siwek",
    "Shan Huang",
    "Daniel A. Perley",
    "David Fierroz",
    "Yu-Qian Liu",
    "Iair Arcavi",
    "Avishay Gal-Yam",
    "Nadia Blagorodnova",
    "Bradley S. Cenko",
    "Alexei V. Filippenko",
    "Mansi M. Kasliwal",
    "S. R. Kulkarni",
    "Steve Schulze",
    "Kirsty Taggart",
    "Weikang Zhen"
  ],
  "comment": "47 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ in Nov 2018",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.HE",
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "Unlike the ordinary supernovae (SNe) some of which are hydrogen and helium deficient (called Type Ic SNe), broad-lined Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic-bl) are very energetic events, and all SNe coincident with bona fide long duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are of Type Ic-bl. Understanding the progenitors and the mechanism driving SN Ic-bl explosions vs those of their SNe Ic cousins is key to understanding the SN-GRB relationship and jet production in massive stars. Here we present the largest set of host-galaxy spectra of 28 SNe Ic and 14 SN Ic-bl, all discovered before 2013 by the same untargeted survey, namely the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We carefully measure their gas-phase metallicities, stellar masses (M*s) and star-formation rates (SFRs) by taking into account recent progress in the metallicity field and propagating uncertainties correctly. We further re-analyze the hosts of 10 literature SN-GRBs using the same methods and compare them to our PTF SN hosts with the goal of constraining their progenitors from their local environments by conducting a thorough statistical comparison, including upper limits. We find that the metallicities, SFRs and M*s of our PTF SN Ic-bl hosts are statistically comparable to those of SN-GRBs, but significantly lower than those of the PTF SNe Ic. The mass-metallicity relations as defined by the SNe Ic-bl and SN-GRBs are not significantly different from the same relations as defined by the SDSS galaxies, in contrast to claims by earlier works. Our findings point towards low metallicity as a crucial ingredient for SN Ic-bl and SN-GRB production since we are able to break the degeneracy between high SFR and low metallicity. We suggest that the PTF SNe Ic-bl may have produced jets that were choked inside the star or were able break out of the star as unseen low-luminosity or off-axis GRBs.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2019-01-03T19:00:12.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "palomar transient factory",
      "broad-lined type ic supernovae",
      "jet production",
      "fide long duration gamma-ray",
      "long duration gamma-ray bursts"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 47,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}