{
  "id": "1703.03805",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2017-03-10T19:00:00.000Z",
  "updated": "2017-03-10T19:00:00.000Z",
  "title": "Rapid Formation of Massive Black Holes in close proximity to Embryonic Proto-Galaxies",
  "authors": [
    "John Regan",
    "Eli Visbal",
    "John H. Wise",
    "Zoltan Haiman",
    "Peter H. Johansson",
    "Greg L. Bryan"
  ],
  "comment": "Published in Nature Astronomy, March 13th 2017",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA",
    "astro-ph.CO"
  ],
  "abstract": "The Direct Collapse Black Hole (DCBH) scenario provides a solution for forming the massive black holes powering bright quasars observed in the early Universe. A prerequisite for forming a DCBH is that the formation of (much less massive) Population III stars be avoided - this can be achieved by destroying H$_2$ via Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation (E$_{\\rm{LW}}$ = 12.6 eV). We find that two conditions must be met in the proto-galaxy that will host the DCBH. First, prior star formation must be delayed; this can be achieved with a background LW flux of J$_{\\rm BG} \\gtrsim 100\\ J_{21}$. Second, an intense burst of LW radiation from a neighbouring star-bursting proto-galaxy is required, just before the gas cloud undergoes gravitational collapse, to finally suppress star formation completely. We show here for the first time using high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations, including full radiative transfer, that this low-level background, combined with tight synchronisation and irradiation of a secondary proto-galaxy by a primary proto-galaxy, inevitably moves the secondary proto-galaxy onto the isothermal atomic cooling track, without the deleterious effects of either photo-evaporating the gas or polluting it by heavy elements. These, atomically cooled, massive proto-galaxies are expected to ultimately form a DCBH of mass $10^4 - 10^5 M_{\\odot}$.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2017-03-10T19:00:00.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "massive black holes",
      "embryonic proto-galaxies",
      "close proximity",
      "rapid formation",
      "gas cloud undergoes gravitational collapse"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 0,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}