{
  "id": "1612.01927",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2016-12-06T18:00:18.000Z",
  "updated": "2016-12-06T18:00:18.000Z",
  "title": "Spin-Hall Torques Generated by Rare-Earth (Lanthanide) Thin Films",
  "authors": [
    "Neal Reynolds",
    "Priyamvada Jadaun",
    "John T. Heron",
    "Colin L. Jermain",
    "Jonathan Gibbons",
    "Robyn Collette",
    "R. A. Buhrman",
    "D. G. Schlom",
    "D. C. Ralph"
  ],
  "comment": "13 pages, 11 figures",
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.mes-hall"
  ],
  "abstract": "We report an initial experimental survey of spin-Hall torques generated by the rare-earth metals Gd, Dy, Ho, and Lu, along with comparisons to first-principles calculations of their spin Hall conductivities. Using spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) measurements and DC-biased ST-FMR, we estimate lower bounds for the spin-Hall torque ratio, $\\xi_{SH}$, of $\\approx$ 0.04 for Gd, $\\approx$ 0.05 for Dy, $\\approx$ 0.14 for Ho, and $\\approx$ 0.014 for Lu. The variations among these elements are qualitatively consistent with results from first principles (density functional theory, DFT, in the local density approximation with a Hubbard-U correction). The DFT calculations indicate that the spin Hall conductivity is enhanced by the presence of the partially-filled $f$ orbitals in Dy and Ho, which suggests a strategy to further strengthen the contribution of the $f$ orbitals to the spin Hall effect by shifting the electron chemical potential.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2016-12-06T18:00:18.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "thin films",
      "spin hall conductivity",
      "spin torque ferromagnetic resonance",
      "lanthanide",
      "local density approximation"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 13,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}